Table 4

Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from diseased pigs in different European countries.
Antimicrobial agent
 Year
 Country and prevalence of resistance




B
 DK
 E
 FIN
 F
 LV
 NL
 N
 P
 ES
 S
 CH
Ampicillin
 2002
 55.7
 45.0
 43.0
 13.0
 49.9
 -
 92.9
 13.0
 -
 77.0
 19.0
 -

2003
 69.2
 42.9
 51.0
 15.4
 51.5
 65.0
 93.0
 -
 -
 70.1
 14.0
 21.0

2004
 72.3
 45.8
 47.0
 16.0
 53.2
 -
 -
 7.0
 -
 72.2
 22.0
 4.2

Amoxicillin – Clavulanic acid
 2002
 11.5
 -
 -
 -
 2.7
 -
 0.1
 -
 58.0
 1.0
 -
 -

2003
 4.4
 3.9
 -
 -
 9.2
 24.0
 1.0
 -
 31.0
 2.6
 -
 0.0

2004
 0.7
 0.6
 -
 -
 2.0
 -
 -
 -
 36.0
 1.8
 -
 0.0

Apramycin
 2002
 6.6
 17.0
 12.0
 -
 3.0
 -
 -
 3.0
 -
 23.0
 -
 -

2003
 13.2
 9.1
 16.0
 -
 3.7
 -
 -
 -
 -
 20.8
 -
 -

2004
 13.1
 13.6
 8.0
 -
 3.3
 -
 -
 -
 -
 13.0
 -
 -

Ceftiofur
 2002
 1.6
 0.0
 -
 -
 0.1
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 1.0
 0.0
 -

2003
 2.2
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 0.0
 0.0

2004
 0.7
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.6
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 3.6
 <1.0
 -

Chloramphenicol
 2002
 49.2
 31.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 0.0
 42.0
 45.0
 -
 -

2003
 34.1
 25.0
 -
 3.1
 -
 -
 -
 -
 49.0
 35.1
 -
 18.7

2004
 38.7
 41.8
 -
 7.0
 -
 -
 -
 4.0
 45.0
 40.8
 -
 38.3

Ciprofloxacin
 2002
 3.3
 0.0
 8.0
 4.0
 4.7
 -
 -
 0.0
 76.0a
 15.0
 7.0
 -

2003
 1.1
 0.0
 2.0
 1.5
 6.2
 22.0
 -
 -
 38.0a
 14.9
 0.0
 1.3

2004
 2.9
 0.0
 2.0
 0.0
 5.5
 -
 -
 0.0
 30.0a
 14.2
 6.0
 0.0

Florfenicol
 2002
 1.6
 0.0
 -
 -
 2.0
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 4.0
 0.6
 -

2003
 2.2
 1.3
 -
 1.5
 1.2
 -
 -
 -
 -
 7.1
 0.0
 -

2004
 4.4
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.9
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 7.1
 -
 -

Gentamicin
 2002
 4.9
 14.0
 -
 -
 5.6
 -
 0.0
 3.0
 58.0
 25.0
 1.0
 -

2003
 1.1
 6.5
 -
 0.0
 6.1
 15.0
 -
 -
 33.0
 19.5
 2.0
 15.8

2004
 3.6
 12.0
 -
 0.0
 5.5
 -
 -
 0.0
 45.0
 19.5
 0.0
 12.7

Nalidixic acid
 2002
 19.7
 19.0
 -
 -
 17.1
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 85.0b
 45.0
 -
 -

2003
 18.7
 25.3
 -
 21.5
 -
 35.0
 <1.0
 -
 -
 42.2
 -
 -

2004
 34.3
 32.0
 -
 13.0
 -
 -
 -
 2.0
 -
 33.7
 -
 -

Neomycin
 2002
 14.8
 36.0
 11.0
 -
 10.6
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 -
 26.0
 4.0
 -

2003
 2.2
 31.2
 19.0
 3.1
 11.8
 48.0
 0.0
 -
 -
 24.7
 6.0
 12.2

2004
 1.5
 35.0
 11.0
 7.0
 10.9
 -
 -
 2.0
 -
 20.1
 4.0
 -

Streptomycin
 2002
 -
 77.0
 -
 45.0
 -
 -
 -
 54.0
 79.0
 73.0
 33.0
 -

2003
 -
 66.3
 -
 47.7
 -
 92.0
 -
 -
 60.0
 73.4
 32.0
 -

2004
 -
 77.4
 -
 54.0
 -
 -
 -
 47.0
 64.0
 74.0
 28.0
 -

Sulphonamide
 2002
 -
 77.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 23.0
 -
 82.0
 -
 -

2003
 -
 72.7
 -
 33.8
 -
 92.0
 -
 -
 -
 74.7
 -
 -

2004
 -
 82.0
 -
 51.0
 -
 -
 -
 7.0
 -
 76.3
 -
 -

Tetracycline
 2002
 75.4
 75.0
 85.0
 44.0
 86.2
 -
 -
 41.0
 94.0
 86.0
 28.0
 -

2003
 80.2
 72.7
 83.0
 46.2
 84.7
 86.0
 -
 -
 91.0
 86.4
 23.0
 57.8

2004
 77.4
 91.0
 82.0
 51.0
 82.6
 -
 -
 24.0
 98.0
 87.0
 27.0
 57.4

Trimethoprim
 2002
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 15.0
 -
 63.0
 -
 -

2003
 -
 -
 -
 29.2
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 72.1
 -
 -

2004
 -
 -
 -
 44.0
 -
 -
 -
 7.0
 -
 66.9
 27.0
 -

Trimethoprim – Sulphonamide
 2002
 67.2
 38.0
 52.0
 38.0
 65.1
 -
 73.7
 -
 -
 -
 21.0
 -

2003
 70.3
 36.4
 -
 -
 66.9
 79.0
 21.5
 -
 -
 -
 -
 21.5

2004
 70.8
 48.6
 55.0
 -
 66.4
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

-: No data available, a: enrofloxacin used, b: flumequine used. B – Belgium, DK – Denmark, E – England including Wales; F – France; FIN – Finland; LV – Latvia; NL – The Netherlands; N – Norway; P – Portugal; ES – Spain; S – Sweden; CH – Switzerland.

Hendriksen et al. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2008 50:19   doi:10.1186/1751-0147-50-19