Table 5

Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pigs in different European countries.
Antimicrobial agent
 Year
 Country and prevalence of resistance


A
 B
 DK
 FIN
 F
 I
 NL
 N
 PL
 ES
 S
Ampicillin
 2002
 -
 62
 10.9
 -
 31.0
 -
 25.5
 5.9
 -
 56.7
 -

2003
 -
 -
 22.7
 -
 26.5
 46.0
 27.7 a
 -
 -
 68.4
 3.0

2004
 6.0
 -
 33.2
 6.0
 22.0
 54.2
 25.3
 8.0
 9.5
 69.9
 -

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
 2002
 -
 1
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 2.4
 -

2003
 -
 -
 0.3
 -
 -
 1.0
 -
 -
 -
 0.7
 0.3

2004
 0.0
 -
 1.0
 -
 -
 1.2
 -
 -
 -
 0.0
 -

Apramycin
 2002
 -
 4
 0.3
 -
 2.0
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 5.9
 -

2003
 -
 -
 0.9
 -
 9.1
 -
 -
 -
 -
 4.2
 0.0

2004
 1.8
 -
 3.4
 -
 4.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
 4.9
 -

Ceftiofur
 2002
 -
 1
 0.0
 -
 -
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 -

2003
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 -
 0.0
 0.6 a
 -
 -
 0.0
 0.0

2004
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.3
 0.0
 0.6
 0.5
 -

Chloramphenicol
 2002
 -
 33
 3.7
 -
 21.0
 -
 9.4
 0.5
 -
 30.5
 -

2003
 -
 -
 6.7
 -
 21.4
 26.0
 7.7 a
 -
 -
 37.9
 0.7

2004
 3.7
 -
 9.1
 1.0
 14.0
 28.9
 12.2
 0.8
 2.5
 30.6
 -

Ciprofloxacin
 2002
 -
 2
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 -
 1.7
 -

2003
 -
 -
 1.8
 -
 0.0
 1.0
 0.0a
 -
 -
 1.1
 1.0

2004
 0.9
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 1.0
 5.4
 0.0
 0.0
 2.5
 3.3
 -

Florfenicol
 2002
 -
 1
 0.0
 -
 1.0
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 -
 0.7
 -

2003
 -
 -
 0.0
 -
 2.0
 -
 0.6a
 -
 -
 2.1
 0.0

2004
 0.0
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 1.0
 -
 0.0
 0.0
 2.0
 2.2
 -

Gentamicin
 2002
 -
 3
 0.3
 -
 0.0
 -
 1.3
 0.0
 -
 4.8
 -

2003
 -
 -
 0.6
 -
 3.1
 2.0
 1.3a
 -
 -
 5.3
 0.0

2004
 0.9
 -
 3.4
 0.0
 0.0
 1.2
 0.3
 0.0
 0.6
 7.7
 -

Nalidixic acid
 2002
 -
 5
 1.0
 -
 5.0
 -
 1.0
 0.5
 -
 12.8
 -

2003
 -
 -
 1.9
 -
 7.1
 8.0
 0 a
 -
 -
 14.4
 1.0

2004
 2.3
 -
 3.4
 1.0
 3.0
 6.6
 1.7
 0.0
 6.4
 20.8
 -

Neomycin
 2002
 -
 0
 3.0
 -
 1.0
 -
 1.3
 0.5
 -
 14.5
 -

2003
 -
 -
 5.7
 -
 5.9
 -
 3.2a
 -
 -
 13.7
 1.0

2004
 2.3
 -
 15.8
 1.0
 5.0
 -
 2.0
 0.8
 -
 11.5
 -

Streptomycin
 2002
 -
 46
 33.8
 -
 65.0
 -
 -
 20.8
 -
 70.9
 -

2003
 -
 -
 43.9
 -
 67.0
 49.0
 -
 -
 -
 72.3
 13.0

2004
 54.4
 -
 47.6
 15.0
 62.0
 48.2
 -
 33.6
 34.7
 66.1
 -

Sulphonamides
 2002
 -
 73
 23.2
 -
 -
 -
 -
 10.7
 -
 70.6
 -

2003
 -
 -
 30.6
 -
 -
 51.0
 -
 -
 -
 77.5
 9.0

2004
 30.0
 -
 46.6
 12.0
 -
 -
 52.7
 12.0
 15.9
 73.2
 -

Tetracycline
 2002
 -
 80
 25.9
 -
 89.0
 -
 57.7
 7.4
 -
 91.0
 -

2003
 -
 -
 30.2
 -
 81.2
 66.0
 69.7 a
 -
 -
 93.0
 12.0

2004
 58.1
 -
 43.8
 16.0
 86.0
 81.0
 63.9
 9.6
 31.6
 95.6
 -

Trimethoprim
 2002
 -
 68
 6.1
 -
 61.0
 -
 43.0
 4.8
 -
 69.2
 -

2003
 -
 -
 13.6
 -
 48.0
 -
 43.9 a
 -
 -
 76.5
 4.0

2004
 3.4
 -
 -
 8.0
 44.0
 -
 5.7
 4.0
 1.0
 66.7
 -

Trimethoprim + Sulphonamides
 2002
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 41.6
 -
 -
 -
 -

2003
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 49.0
 43.2 a
 -
 -
 -
 -

2004
 -
 -
 49.0
 -
 -
 47.6
 43.9
 -
 13
 72.3
 -

-: No data available, a: faeces. A – Austria; B – Belgium, DK – Denmark, E – England including Wales; F – France; FIN – Finland; I – Italy; NL – The Netherlands; N – Norway; PL – Poland; ES – Spain; S – Sweden.

Hendriksen et al. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2008 50:19   doi:10.1186/1751-0147-50-19