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List of miscellaneous diagnoses in 173 necropsied laying hens, not included in main diagnostic categories and the statistical analysis. |
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| Housing of the birds (no. of flocks) |
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|
|
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| Diagnosis |
No. of hens |
Cages1 |
Litter-based systems2 |
Free range3 |
|
|
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| Visceral gout |
29 |
1 |
10 |
1 |
| Unknown cause of death |
23 |
6 |
17 |
0 |
| Dehydration and cachexia |
17 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
| Trauma |
16 |
2 |
12 |
2 |
| Hepatic lipidosis and liver rupture |
11 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
| Circulatory disturbances4 |
16 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
| Anaemia and haemorrhages, suspected intoxication |
11 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Osteoporosis |
10 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
| Egg bound |
7 |
3 |
4 |
0 |
| Hepatitis |
5 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
| Obstipation (straw) |
5 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
| Miscellaneous neoplasms5 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
| Other causes of death6 |
19 |
2 |
17 |
0 |
|
1Includes conventional battery cages and enriched cages. 2Includes single-tiered floor systems and multi-tiered aviary systems. 3Flocks housed in litter-based systems indoors, with access to outdoor pens and pasture, including organic flocks. 4Botulism was later diagnosed from hens in the same flocks. 5Neoplasms other than lymphoid leukosis. 6Including egg yolk peritonitis (n = 4), gastritis (n = 2), ovarian cyst (n = 2), air sacculitis (n = 2), enteritis (n = 2), chronic salpingitis (n = 1), endocarditis (n = 1), intestinal volvulus (n = 1), myositis (n = 1) ruptured ovary and abdominal hemorrhage (n = 2). hepatitis (n = 1). | ||||
Fossum et al. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2009 51:3 doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-3 |
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